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Unit 731

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Recently, I was watching a Chinese movie named Fist of Fury. The film references Japanese experiments conducted on human subjects. Hoping to learn more, I began reading viewer reviews, one of which mentioned "Unit 731"—a reference that confirmed the historical reality of these Japanese human experiments. The fact remains that Unit 731 was a covert biological and chemical warfare research unit of the Japanese Imperial Army that performed human experimentation during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II. This operation from 1936 to 1945 was disguised as an epidemic prevention and water purification department. It subjected thousands of prisoners—primarily Chinese, Soviet, and Korean civilians—to horrific medical atrocities. These experiments included vivisections without anesthesia and intentional infections with pathogens such as anthrax, cholera, and bubonic plague. Furthermore, Unit 731 developed and dropped plague-infected fleas and contaminated food and water supplies ...

Slice of Thai Culture

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I recently finished reading the book Thailand Fever by Chris Pirazzi and Vitida Vassant, which a friend recommended several years ago to help me better understand Thai culture. After reading the first chapter, I realized how little I understood about the culture, despite having traveled to Thailand many times.  The opening chapter explores the concepts of superiority and inferiority, highlighting the deep-seated role of hierarchy in Thai society. While I understand basic human behaviors, internalizing this strict social hierarchy remains difficult for me to digest. I find the idea of viewing others as superior or inferior is inherently problematic. However, Hierarchy seems to play a foundational role in shaping social interactions and daily life in Thailand. While there’s a tilt by the younger generations towards a more egalitarian future, traditional expectations remain deeply embedded in the institutions. On the edges of hierarchy lies the concept of freedom and independence. W...

What Aviation Teaches Us

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Whenever I board an airplane, I am always flabbergasted by how such a massive monolith lifts off the ground to reach its destination.  Last week, while f lying from Malaysia to Thailand, I watched as passengers filed into the port, center, and starboard sections, casually placing their belongings and taking their seats. As I sat by the window, looking out at the wing and the massive turbine engine, I realized that this incredible feat of engineering has become a routine we’ve all grown accustomed to. Yet, despite having experienced it countless times, I still find it difficult to wrap my head around how such a monstrosity lifts into the air so effortlessly. Aerodynamic as a life metaphor The mechanics of flight are a beautiful display of physics. An airplane wing is curved on top and flatter on the bottom; as it moves forward and splits the air, an area of low pressure above the wing and high pressure below initiates upward movement. As the wing moves through the air at a slight a...