The Maniq: Thailand’s Last Hunter-Gatherers
The Maniq—historically referred to by the external terms Ngo Pa (เงาะป่า) or Sakai—are an ethnic group residing in southern Thailand. They are the only Negrito group in the country, possessing a distinct language and culture but no written alphabet. While the term Ngo Pa was originally used to describe their physical features—specifically their dark skin and thick, curly hair—both it and Sakai are considered derogatory. The Maniq find these labels offensive and prefer to be called by their true name. For millennia, the Maniq have relied on the forest for subsistence, maintaining a lifestyle that is deeply integrated with their natural environment. They are the only tribe in Thailand that continues a traditional hunter-gatherer existence. Their approach to nature is one of profound restraint: They typically limit themselves to a single animal per hunt When harvesting tubers, they are meticulous, ensuring the plant’s roots remain intact to allow for regrowth Archaeological ...