Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Bakunin was a Russian revolutionary who is considered among the most influential characters of Anarchism. His reputation made him one of the most famous ideologists in Europe. He was expelled from France for opposing the Russian Empire's occupation of Poland. He was arrested in Dresden for his participation in the Czech rebellion and was finally exiled to Siberia in 1857. He is well liked and appreciated by Peter Kropotkin and Noam Chomsky.

 

Bakunin's political beliefs rejected every hierarchical system in every form and shape. He wrote that in God and the State, "liberty of man consists solely of that he obeys the laws of nature not because they have been imposed on him by any form, human or divine, collective or individual." He rejected the notion of any privileged position, since the social and economic inequality implied by class systems were incompatible with individual freedom. He insisted that both capitalism and the state in any form were incompatible with the individual freedom of the working class. "It is the peculiarity of privilege and of every privileged position to kill the intellect and heart of man. The privileged man, whether he be privileged politically or economically is a man depraved in intellect and heart."

He strongly rejected Marx's concept of the "dictatorship of the proletariat" in which the new state would represent the workers. He argued that the state should be abolished because all forms of government lead to oppression. While both Anarchists and Marxists share the same final goal: the creation of a free, egalitarian society without social classes and bureaucratic government, they strongly disagree on how to achieve this goal.

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